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How do teachers typically reinforce gender identities in schools?

  1. By encouraging boys to pursue humanities

  2. Through discipline strategies that reflect gender stereotypes

  3. By ensuring girls receive more praise than boys

  4. By promoting mixed-gender teamwork

The correct answer is: Through discipline strategies that reflect gender stereotypes

Teachers reinforce gender identities in schools primarily through discipline strategies that reflect gender stereotypes. This occurs when teachers have different expectations and responses based on a student's gender, leading to boys and girls being treated differently even for similar behaviors. For example, a teacher may view disruptions or challenging behavior more harshly in boys than in girls, thus reinforcing the stereotype that boys are more unruly. Conversely, girls may be expected to exhibit more compliant behavior, leading to different forms of discipline or correction. This approach contributes to the internalization of gender roles, where students start to recognize and conform to what is conventionally expected of their gender in both academic and social contexts. As a result, such reinforcement shapes students' behaviors, aspirations, and identities based on these deeply rooted societal norms about masculinity and femininity.